See J. Atkinson, Manpower Strategies for flexible organisations, Personnel Management 1984, 21(8), 28-31 - failing to find the actual article online this is a summary; https://www.businessballs.com/organisational-culture/flexible-firm-model/
The concentric circles include (outside the core) public subsidy trainees. So here is an assumption that the state (i.e. us) provides money to the organisation for training. One must wonder why given that firms see their duty (and are obliged) to maximise shareholder returns. This model has developed so far that it not just public subsidy trainees that we pay for, we dip into our pockets to top up poor wages, for those on the periphery, though in work benefits.
Part 3 Consider - On Change - The nature of managed change